Important Dates:
1600-1100 B.C. – Mycenaean civilization
1150-750 B.C. - This time period was known as the Dark Ages,
because Greek Culture died down and writing fell out of use.
776 B.C. – this is when the first “Olympic Games” were held.
c. 750-700 B.C. – Homer composed the Iliad and Odyssey
621 B.C. – Draco established the Draconian Code (not on
test)
508 B.C. – The first time in recorded history that a
civilization rebelled against their leader (Athenians overthrew Isagoris).
490 B.C. – Greeks fight the Persian war (Battle of Marathon)
480 B.C. – the Battle of the strait of Salamis
480-430 B.C. – The Golden Age
461-429 B.C. – The Periclean Age
447-432 B.C. – the construction of the Parthenon
431-404 B.C. – The Peloponnesian War.
339 B.C. – Socrates’ trial and execution
336 B.C. – Alexander the Great becomes King of Macedonia
Important People/Immortals:
Homer: He was a Greek poet who wrote the Odyssey and the
Allied.
Odysseus: A Greek hero who fought in the Trojan War and got
lost on his way home, according to the Odyssey, and fought/encountered various
monsters.
Zeus: the King of the gods, he is the son of Kronos, Titan
lord of time. He is the god of the sky and lightning.
Athena: She is said to have been born straight from Zeus’s
brain. She is goddess of wisdom and battle strategy, as well as the patron
goddess of Athens.
Draco: introduced the Council of 500 and made unforgiving
laws. He was also the first legislator in Athens.
Solon: He was an Athenian lawmaker, who successfully
abolished many of Draco’s laws. Solon is credited for laying Athens’s
foundation for democracy.
Pisistratus: He was a tyrant who ceased power by telling the
people that he was accompanied by the goddess Athena. He also got the support
of common folks by making them more important than they ever were. This
triggered democracy and made Athens a rich and powerful city-state.
Cleisthenes: Another
politician that ruled during the Aristocracy, hover instead of continuing the
tradition of the Aristocrats, he invented democracy and gave the common people
a voice in government and let the people rule themselves.
Darius (the Great): Ruled the Persian Empire at its peak,
and divided the empire into provinces. He also appointed governors, called
satraps, to govern each individual province.
Xerxes: A great Persian king who built an army of 2,000,000
troops (the largest the ancient world had ever seen) to conquer Greece
Pheidippides: A Greek courier, who ran from Marathon to
Athens, He died shortly after his arrival after speaking the message “Joy to
you, we’ve won! Joy to you!” His story inspired the marathon.
Themistocles: An Athenian war hero, he convinced the Greeks
to build a fleet of triremes in order to save Athens from the Persian Army. He
was able to defeat the Persians by tricking the Persians into fighting them in
the Straits of Salamis.
Pericles: elected
after the Persian wars. He planned to rebuild the Parthenon and conquer Sparta.
Also he treated his second wife as an equal, which was astonishing to many
Greek citizens.
Socrates: A Greek philosopher, accused of corrupting the
youth of Athens. He invented the Socratic Method, which was based around asking
why an individual thinks the way they do. He cared nothing for appearance. He
was sentenced to death by being forced to drink hemlock. His most famous quote
was “The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.” He was known
for trying to get people to examine their life and question authority.
Plato: Plato was taught by Socrates and took up the thoughts
of his teacher. He founded the most influential intellectual center in the
ancient world, the Academy.
Aristotle: A student of Plato, who taught that each
individual creature and organ was designed to carry out a specific function and
that virtue came through fulfilling this function. His interests were biology,
poetry, politics, and ethics.
Alexander the Great: A great general in the Greek army. He
conquered many territories and even conquered the great Persian Empire
Places: be able to map the following
Athens, Sparta, the Ionian and Aegean Seas, Peloponnesus,
Persian Empire, and Ionia
Government:
Monarchy- ruled by a single ruler, most often a king or
queen
Democracy- all adult citizens get to have a say in politics.
In Greece this applied only to males. It was introduced by Cleisthenes.
Oligarchy- Minority rules over the majority. One example of
this is Sparta.
Aristocracy- A society in which the rich landowners, called
aristocrats, dominate over the majority of common folk. The commoners were
forced to do all of the manual labor and nobody could do anything that would
have caused them to move up the social hierarchy.
Pericles’s three goals for Athens:
1.
Strengthen the Athenian democracy
2.
Build Athens an Empire
3.
Glorify Athens
Greek Art:
Sculpture: A piece of art made by carving rock in a
particular pattern to make it look like something.
Architecture: Parthenon- most famous, grandest temple to the
goddess Athena
Drama:
Comedy: A play that has a humorous aspect to it.
Tragedy: A play that is usually as shocking as a modern
horror movie. It often contains a character falling from great heights.
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