Ch. 4 continued

Important Dates:

1600-1100 B.C. –

1200 B.C. -

1150-750 B.C. - This time period was known as the Dark Ages, because Greek Culture died down and writing fell out of use.

776 B.C. –

750-700 B.C. –

621 B.C. –

600-371 B.C. –

594 B.C. –

508 B.C. – The first time in recorded history that a civilization rebelled against their leader.

490-371 B.C. –

490 B.C. –

480 B.C. –

480-430 B.C. –

461-429 B.C. –

447-432 B.C. –

431-404 B.C. –

339 B.C. –

336 B.C. –

Important People/Immortals:

Homer: He was a Greek poet who wrote the Odyssey and the Allied.

Odysseus: A Greek hero who fought in the Trojan War and got lost on his way home, according to the Odyssey, and fought/encountered various monsters.

 

Zeus: the King of the gods, he is the son of Kronos, Titan lord of time. He is the god of the sky and lightning.

Athena: She is said to have been born straight from Zeus’s brain. She is goddess of wisdom and battle strategy, as well as the patron goddess of Athens.

 

Draco:

 

Solon:

 

Pisistratus: He was a tyrant who ceased power by telling the people that he was accompanied by the goddess Athena. He also got the support of common folks by making them more important than they ever were. This triggered democracy and made Athens a rich and powerful city-state.

 

 

 Cleisthenes: Another politician that ruled during the Aristocracy, hover instead of continuing the tradition of the Aristocrats, he invented democracy and gave the common people a voice in government and let the people rule themselves.

Darius (the Great):

 

Xerxes: A great Persian king who built an army of 2,000,000 troops (the largest the ancient world had ever seen) to conquer Greece

 

Pheidippides:

 

Themistocles: An Athenian war hero, he convinced the Greeks to build a fleet of triremes in order to save Athens from the Persian Army. He was able to defeat the Persians by tricking the Persians into fighting them in the Straits of Salamis. Died in 570 B.C.

 

 Pericles: elected after the Persian wars. He planned to rebuild the Parthenon and conquer Sparta. Also he treated his second wife as an equal, which was astonishing to many Greek citizens. 

 

Socrates: A Greek philosopher, accused of corrupting the youth of Athens. He invented the Socratic Method, which was based around asking why an individual thinks the way they do. Socrates also cared nothing for appearance, and reasoned that his “bug-eyes” were more beautiful because he could see more. He was sentenced to death by being forced to drink holly.

 

Plato:

Aristotle:

 

Alexander the Great: A great general in the Greek army. He conquered many territories and even conquered the great Persian Empire

Places: be able to map the following

 

Athens, Sparta, the Ionian and Aegean Seas, Peloponnesus, Persian Empire, and Ionia

Government:

 

Monarchy- ruled by a single ruler, most often a king or queen

 

Democracy- all adult citizens get to have a say in politics. In Greece this applied only to males. It was introduced by Cleisthenes.

 

Oligarchy- Minority rules over the majority. One example of this is Sparta.

 

Aristocracy- A society in which the rich landowners, called aristocrats, dominate over the majority of common folk. The commoners were forced to do all of the manual labor and nobody could do anything that would have caused them to move up the social hierarchy.

 

Pericles’s three goals for Athens:

 

Greek Art:

 

Sculpture: A piece of art made by carving rock in a particular pattern to make it look like something.

 

Architecture: Parthenon- most famous, grandest temple to the goddess Athena

 

Drama:

Comedy: A play that has a humorous aspect to it.

Tragedy: A play that is usually as shocking as a modern horror movie. It often contains a character falling from great heights.